Monday, July 6, 2020

How Novels Adapt into Screenplays

What Pages of Your Novel Might Look Like as a Screenplay

Chrissy Clarke sent me the opening pages of her current book, Grounded. What did I plan on doing with them? Well, I had this idea that I could show curious novelists what their novel might look like if it were adapted into a screenplay.
Now, of course, adaptation is a tricky thing. To make a novel work as a movie, screenwriters have to be thinking, “How does this work for screen?” That’s why they are called screenwritiers and not simply writers.
I often tell my students, “Close your eyes and imagine the scene on a screen. Now, write the words that best translate the scene that’s in your head. Screen first, words second.”
Screenwriters have to take significant liberties with the source material to make it work. They add, change, deal with “inner dialogue” and even cut. New scenes could be added. Favorite scenes from the book might need to be cut.
I will often hear people say, “I liked the book better than the movie.” But, in that scenario, that’s like saying, “What was the better book, the book of the movie?” Of course, the book is going to be a better book. In watching movies based on books, one must appreciate it for what it is… an adaptation. A movie, not really to be compared to anything else.
If someone did a straight adaptation, scene for scene, the movie would be REALLY long. There would also be really boring scenes where voiceover is doing a play-by-play of the character’s thoughts… typically a no-no in screenwriting.
With Chrissy’s Grounded, I’m going to try to capture the opening scene as best I can… and as close as I can. But if I were doing a true adaptation of the book, I’d have to read the whole thing. The opening of the movie might be very different from the opening of the book, depending on what I determined was a good starting place for a movie.
But, following, you’ll find her opening scenes and then my adaptation of those scenes.

From Chrissy Clarke’s Grounded:

As the wheels of the Cessna touched down on the tarmac, I cycled a natural breath for the first time in five minutes.
Just like butta. I heard the voice of veteran pilot Abraham Harris every time I took her out: ease up on the throttle, give it a skosh of power now, hit the rudder, don’t hit that rainbow, trust your gut. I never flew solo.
I said good day to my passengers, a four-pack of Korean businessmen back from schmoozing in the city. I got a lot of that type, out-of-town heavy hitters who wanted to arrive in style—and not waste time-is-money on the road.
After giving my baby a quick spit-shine inside and out, I hangered her, waved to Ray in the control tower, and jumped into my Dodge. Had an errand to run before a date with a client.
We met when I ferried him to a meeting. He’s in tech—and a whole lot of charming. When he asked me to make this the best day of his life, I couldn’t refuse.
Five minutes on the internet told me In Bloom was the premier florist in Shadow Bay and vicinity. We had such a kaleidoscope of flowers growing wild around my family home that I’d never purchased a bouquet. Hey, there’s a first time for everything.
The store was in the downtown corridor, home to book, metaphysical, and artisan gift shops that I patronized on occasion. I was addicted to the roasted coconut tea at The Tea Party, and my growing collection of crystals proved my penchant for Emerald Moon. I stroked the polished piece of larimar that called my right pants pocket home, as I approached my target.
The exterior was a glossy ad for the store, with floor-to-ceiling windows displaying country-chic décor overlaid with a plethora of living things. Everywhere I looked was lush growth, from waxy leaves the size of elephant ears to nestling-snake branches that wound in and around each other, flecked with fat buds.
The door jingled when I entered. I was making tracks to the sales counter, when I detoured to a wooden chest atop a distressed writing desk. To the left sat a vase of squat, purple crocuses and a sprawling ivy dominated the opposite side, but I couldn’t tear my eyes away from the round-topped box.
            “I’ll be right with you,” said a man.
            Honey-stained wood had been polished smooth. I inspected the edges, caressing its warm lines—not a nick or a burr—and the slats that comprised the surface had been invisibly joined, without even dimpled evidence of a nail. It wore a delicately-carved relief of sparrows hiding in a lush magnolia tree, just bursting into bloom. I stood, transfixed, wearing a goofy grin. It made me feel—
            “What can I do for you?”
            I jumped like a frog.
            “Sorry, I didn’t mean to startle you.”
            I turned and met the gaze of a man. He towered over me with windswept hair and eyes that made me press my lips together in concentration: equal parts serenity and mischief.
             I gestured toward the box. “This is beautiful.”
            “Glad you like it. It’s mine.”
            My eyes raked over it. Magnificent. “You made this?” I longed to reach out and touch it again but felt self-conscious with him watching.
            He shrugged. “Woodworking is a hobby of mine.” He looked away and back again. “Shall I leave you to browse?”
            I glanced at my watch. “I’m here for a bouquet. No flower preference, whatever’s in season will be fine. I need something that says: You’re my world. Marry me.”
            He gazed at me for a long moment, and when he smiled, my knees jellied. “Are you proposing?”
            I barked laughter. “Me? God, no.”
            His eyebrows rose. “Do you have a budget in mind?”
            “Will a couple hundred do it?”
            “That’ll do something quite impressive. Here, let me show you a few things.”
            I followed him around the store, as he pointed out his recommendations: canary-yellow daffodils, thick-leafed tulips in solids and ombres, and camellia, round blooms composed of numerous gossamer layers.
I found my favorite: slender branches laden with creamy, thin-petaled flowers. He called them star magnolia.
He offered up a vase of lilacs, tiny clusters of four-leaf-clover flowers. They smelled so luscious that I wanted to rub against them, to transfer scent like a cat. I settled for burying my nose within. Delicious.
            “Mmm, I love these.”
            His hand brushed my arm as he reached past me, and my heart tap danced. My friend, Charles, is a florist. He lives near Eugene with two spoiled Himalayans and his boyfriend, Raoul. Maybe my gaydar was on the fritz, but I wasn’t getting that vibe from this guy.
            Before we finished a round of the store, we considered wood anemones, prim roses, lilies of the valley, and peonies. When he asked for my top picks, I couldn’t choose—or recall the names of the ones that spoke to me.
“I’m afraid I’ll have to defer to you. I’m sure you’ll do it justice.”
            He grinned. “Care to join me in the cooler? I’ll show you the color options we have.”
            I laughed. He was charming, with an easy way about him that took me down a notch. How could I refuse?
            “Lead the way.”
            He made suggestions, and I approved or rejected each—mostly approved, frankly. They were all gorgeous, and he had a way of blending shape and texture, using contrast and complement to create something more than a bunch of flowers. When he was done, it was a work of art.
            “Wow, this was a pleasant surprise. I came in for some flowers but got an experience.”
            He beamed. “I aim to please.” He wrote a couple lines on a receipt book, old school. “Are you taking them with you or are we delivering?”
            “I’ll take them.”
            “Your name?” He gazed at me for a long moment, and I stopped breathing. His eyes were so pale, like a watercolor sky above the clouds on a rainy, spring day. “You know, for the receipt.”
            I came out of the ether. “Right. Just A is fine.”
            His mouth quirked. “The letter A?”
            I went by Lark, the nickname coined by my dearly-departed uncle. Although I rarely revealed my real name, those gorgeous eyes, trained on me, compelled me to play nice.
“It’s Avalina, but I tire of spelling it—and being told it’s unusual.”
            He searched my face. “It’s pretty; it suits you.” He wrote it down. “Address?”
            “18799 Terminal Loop.”
            As he stared, the left side of his mouth twitched before he gave me a little grin. “You live at the municipal airport?”
            I snorted. “Oh, you know that address? I use it all the time; no one ever calls me on it.”
“I decorated for a wedding there last year, in the old hangar on the west side where they keep the World War II planes. Wide-open space, a blank canvas, and the industrial feel was softened by heaps of foliage and tulle. It turned out beautiful.”
“Hmm, I never heard. Well, I may as well live there. I work out of the airport. I’m a pilot.”
            “Interesting. And the flowers are for work?”
            “Yup. Brian Atchison is taking his girlfriend sightseeing over the Gulf Islands this afternoon. He’s planning to propose to the love of his life.”
            His head tipped left. “Think she’ll say yes?”
            I swallowed hard. How did a quick jaunt into a flower shop turn into nearly an hour of banter with a charismatic man who gardens and makes beauty out of a block of wood? I stared at the bouquet, all done up with a bow he prettily made from satin ribbon.
“How could she not? Look at these flowers.”
“I’m glad you like them.”
We said our goodbyes, and as I was making my exit, he said, “Avalina?”
I turned to look at him: dreamy eyes and a smile that warmed the back of my neck like the afternoon sun. “It was nice meeting you. Maybe I’ll see you around. I’m Sky.”
“Thanks for your help, Sky.” As I left, I couldn’t help but smile. The sky was just about my favorite thing in the world.

Screenplay Adaptation of Grounded’s opening:

EXT. SKY – DAY
Blue sky with some clouds. From behind a cloud, a Cessna airplane emerges, and banks into a descent.


EXT. RUNWAY – DAY

The runway of a small, municipal airport. The Cessna’s wheels touch down on the tarmac. The plane is handled well and lands smoothly.


INT. COCKPIT – DAY

AVALINA sits at the controls of the plane. Her brunette hair is pulled back into a ponytail. Attractive, she wears a jean jacket with a blouse underneath tucked into khaki pants.

ON THE CONTROL PANEL: A picture of Avalina with an older man with thinning gray hair. He wears a leather flight jacket and stands with his hand on her shoulder. A caption in cursive handwriting reads: “Abraham’s rare moment of smiling.”

BACK TO SCENE: Avalina looks at the picture and then turns toward the back of the plane, smiling herself.


EXT. PLANE – DAY

Avalina offers her arm to a Korean gentleman in business attire. He takes it and steps down onto the tarmac.

The head of another Korean business man emerges. Avalina offers her arm.

She looks at the cell phone in her hand.

ON SCREEN: A text: “You promised the best day of my life!”

BACK TO SCENE: Avalina smirks, slips the phone in her pocket, and offers her arm to a third business man.


INT. HANGAR – DAY

Avalina runs a cloth down the Cessna’s propeller, flips the cloth onto a worktable and then exits the building.


EXT. OUTSIDE HANGAR – DAY

Avalina jogs toward a pickup truck. She waves a salute toward the control tower.


EXT. FLOWER SHOP – DAY

A sign above the flower shop reads: In Bloom.


INT. FLOWER SHOP – DAY

The high-end shop is full of flowers, but Avalina stands staring at a ornately wood-worked box atop a writing desk.

She glances to her hand. It holds the turquoise of a larimar crystal. After a moment, she slides the crystal back into her pocket and looks at the woodwork again.

                               MAN
               Like that? I do a little woodworking on
               the side.

Startled, Avalina puts her hand to her chest.

                               MAN
               Sorry. Quiet like a cat.

Avalina turns to a man with windswept hair and jolting green eyes towering over her.

                               AVALINA
               It’s exquisite.

                               MAN
               Thanks, but I’m guessing you didn’t
               come in here looking for woodworking.

She shakes her head.

                               AVALINA
               No. Actually, I need a bouquet. I leave
               the arrangement to you… just needs to
               imply: “You’re my world: Marry me.”

                               MAN
               You proposing? Lucky guy.

She smiles, but shakes her head.

                               AVALINA
               Me?
                          (laughs)
               God, no. A client. Wants to propose
               in the sky. Gave me two hundred to get
               the flowers.

                               MAN
               That will get him something pretty special.
               I’ll get on it.

He turns from her. Avalina turns back toward the wood-worked box one last time before turning to follow him.


INT. FLOWER SHOP COOLER – DAY

The man and Avalina stand flanked by an array of flowers on the cooler shelves all around them.

The man holds a bunch of lilacs in his hand. Avalina touches the back of his hand and buries her face in the flowers.

                               AVALINA
               Heaven.

Their eyes meet over the top of the flowers. Avalina smiles, but then looks away.

                               AVALINA
               Smell great, but maybe a little ordinary.
                          (she points)
               What about those?

                               MAN
               Good eye. Star magnolia. That will round
               out what we have.

Their eyes meet again. She lingers on his gaze, but is the first to look away.


INT. CHECKOUT – DAY

A beautiful bouquet sits on the counter.

                               MAN
               Ok, no delivery, but I’ll need your
               name… for the receipt.

                               AVALINA
               Lark… or A. Just put A.

                               MAN
               Uh oh… the Scarlett Letter. Do tell.

She smiles.

                               AVALINA
               Fine. It’s Avalina. But don’t ask me
               to spell it… or tell me it’s unusual.

He looks at her for a moment.

                               MAN
               It’s pretty. It suits you.
                          (beat)
               Address?

                               AVALINA
               Huh? Oh… 18799 Terminal Loop.

He smiles.
                               MAN
               That’s not your address. That’s the
               airport.

She laughs.

                               AVALINA
               Feels like I live there sometimes. I’m
               a pilot.

He nods.

                               MAN
               Oh, right… proposal in the sky.
                          (looks into her eyes)
               Think she’ll say yes?

Her eyes lock on his.

                               AVALINA
               How could she not?
                          (beat)
               I mean, with a bouquet like that.

                               MAN
               Glad you like them.

She nods.

                               AVALINA
               I do. Surprisingly perfect.

She looks away.


INT. FLOWER SHOP – DAY

Holding the bouquet, Avalina pushes open the door to the shop.

                               MAN
               Avalina?

She stops.

                               MAN
               My name’s Sky. Maybe you’ll see me
               around.

                               AVALINA
               Pretty likely… Sky. Taking the client
               up in the air this afternoon. Lots
               of sky to see.

He laughs.

She looks at him one more time.

                               AVALINA
               But seriously, thanks for the help.

                               SKY
               Always aim to please.

She touches the outside of the pocket where she’d slid the crystal. Then, she lets the door close behind her.


The way it’s written, I’m assuming Sky will make an appearance again. If that’s not the case, this scene would have been much shorter.

There were challenges in adapting this. Avalina operates in “internal dialogue” quite a bit. Had to find ways to work things in…imply thoughts or memories. Some things got dropped. Some things got changed. The scene in the flower shop was shortened overall, but I think hit the major beats.

I’m not saying that’s how every screenwriter would adapt those pages… just my take.


If you find my blog posts instructive or enlightening, please consider purchasing a copy of my new book of short stories, The Neighborhood Division, as a donated payment for the "class."

From the Publisher (preferred): here

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A review of the book: here

Saturday, July 4, 2020

John Guzlowski's Little Altar Boy: a Book Review

In a previous blog post, I wrote admiringly about a scene from John Guzlowski's novel, Little Altar Boy.

You can read it: here

Now that I've finished the book, I wanted to write a more comprehensive review. So, here you go...

As often happens, a writer I know, John Guzlowski, sent me an email as part of a mailing list. The email was regarding the release of his book, in this case Little Altar Boy. I get quite a few notifications like this either by email or by Twitter. More often than not, I ignore them. But, over 20 years ago, John was my thesis director in graduate school. “Even if it doesn’t seem up my alley,” I thought, “I’m going to buy John’s book.” It was described as a “police procedural,” which isn’t necessarily my go-to reading material.

The book arrived a few days later, and I gave the opening pages a glance… then longer than a glance. And then, after five days passed, I was finished. The book sucked me in from the opening pages and wouldn’t let me go.

The plot centers around two mysteries, which come into focus pretty quickly. There’s been a murder of a beloved figure in one of the Chicago neighborhoods. Hank and his partner Marvin are assigned to solve the murder, working against murky details and a story that just keeps getting seedier. At the same time, Hank’s daughter has gone missing. She’s nineteen, headstrong, and has been, for some time, running with a questionable crowd. Hank and Marvin have to put their detective skills to use trying to find her, while at the same time trying to solve a murder case that continues to move from one frustrating dead end to the next.

Hank is a recurring figure from Guzlowski’s earlier novel, Suitcase Charlie (which I have not read, but now intend to). Even though Little Altar Boy functions like a sequel to Suitcase Charlie, a reader doesn’t have to have read the latter to appreciate the former. Little Altar Boy stands just fine on its own.

Set in 1960s Chicago, Little Altar Boy makes a character of the city as much as any other character in the book. Guzlowski remembers well the details of his own upbringing in the Windy City.

I can say this much… the plot of the book kept me engaged and guessing as to who the culprit might be in the official murder case. I was pretty certain who the murderer might be… and, to my satisfaction, I was dead wrong.

As a father myself, I was also invested in the search for Hank’s daughter.

The book goes farther than simply being a police procedural, however. When I knew John in my mid-twenties, he was a literature professor at Eastern Illinois University. His appreciation for and understanding of Bernard Malamud helped me enormously as I worked on my graduate thesis. John’s office could have been used on a movie set for the quintessential English professor’s office. It was an inviting space that inspired conversation regarding literature. There was a true reverence for books, literature, and the big questions about life.

So, yes, Guzlowski wrote a “police procedural” (and a satisfying one), but just as the book shows, you can take the young intellectual out of hardscrabble Chicago, but you can’t take the hardscrabble Chicago out of the young intellectual. Similarly, you can make the English Professor a crime novelist, but you can’t make the crime novelist forget that he’s an English Professor.

I found Little Altar Boy to be as literary as it was a crime novel. The book takes on the mystery of life as much as it takes on crime-related mysteries. Hank is a conflicted character with a difficult past in a tough situation. As he often does, he lashes out at his circumstances, gas-lighting himself into believing that what he’s doing is necessary, even when he knows that he’s doing wrong and is simply lashing out at the unfairness of an ugly world looking to fleece anyone with enough goodness and innocence that they are too tender to survive. Hank knows the underbelly of the world that functions beneath the façade of our waking, drinking coffee, going to work, and planning our next vacation. Through war or through police work, Hank knows too well the harsh, self-serving, hedonistic world that we live in.

As I recall, Guzlowski was also a fan of The Beat writers and lived through the counter culture shifts of The Beat generation moving into the hippy generation. Aspects of Little Altar Boy reminded me of John Clellon Holmes' book Go (considered the first Beat novel). Guzlowski can’t forget that 1960s Chicago is feeling the counter culture thinking that’s beginning to permeate society beyond the fringes. I remember Guzlowski talking to me about how his own adolescence was influenced by the writing and the music surrounding his upbringing… and likely driving him toward literature as a calling.

This was pleasing to me… to see the flashes of John’s own interest in those times. While looking for Hank’s daughter, Hank and Marvin find themselves in a blues club of sorts on the South Side of Chicago. The scene reads as though plucked from Jack Kerouac’s On the Road, though through the eyes of two cops who in their own subconscious way are almost ready to “tune in, turn on, and drop out”:

            “The guy with the harmonica put down his harp just then, held it tight to his chest, and shouted a lick from some blues song, some holler, that went all the way down to Dixie and even further than that, down to the Delta, down to Parchman Farm, down to the wet brown mud of the black Mississippi. He shouted, ‘Say, old man, what kind of woman is this? I said, Say old man, what kind of woman is this?!” And then he shouted it all again, asked it in a blues growl that tied him to the plantation fields and the whips that broke the soul of the South and damned their white masters sure as Jesus was standing on the levee calling for the flood.”

What kind of woman is this? Who is this cruel, beautiful woman?

She’s Life.

And Guzlowski’s book is teeming with it… including an ending that satisfies with its homage to the way things really are versus how we wish them to be.

If you're interested in John's book, you can get it: here.


Jeff Vande Zande is an English professor at Delta College in Michigan. His latest collection, The Neighborhood Division: Stories, is now out through Whistling Shade Press and available: here.

My Booth Set Up and Recent Article in Lansing City Pulse

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